Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Chapter2 Review of Related Literature and Studies Essay Example For Students

Chapter2: Review of Related Literature and Studies Essay Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies This chapter presents the literature and related studies which have direct bearing on this study. It also discusses the values reflected in the proverbs and the proverb as a reflection of Filipino character, its function in the society, its nature and purpose, its stylistic peculiarity and its significance in Filipino culture. Folklore Prof. Damiana Eugenio (2002), a renowned Filipina folklorist, said that there is no universally accepted definition for the word â€Å"folklore†. But she gave a description that folklore is any form of knowledge that is handed down from generation to generation that portrays the way of life of ancestors of the chosen ethnic group can be considered part of folklore. She likewise emphasized that students should seek ways in studying folklore for preservation purposes. She continued that what students usually do are transcribe and interpret what is related to them by storytellers and it ends there. Further, she expressed that students have to explore different aspects in folklore, use new approaches and experiment new ways. Eugenio further emphasized that the study of folklore in the Philippines is diminishing. She attributed this to these following reasons: lack of interest in studying folklore and difficult work that goes along in studying folklore. Folk Literature Eugenio (2001) defined folk literature as the sum total of the traditional learning of the folk which is expressed in their literature, their customs and beliefs, their games and recreations, their music songs and dances, their arts and crafts, and other forms material culture. She added that Filipinos know very little of folk literature by stating: â€Å" even educated Filipinos know little about folk literature. This is not surprising according to her because â€Å"there is an incomplete state of collection and inaccessibility of existing manuscripts about Philippine folk literature. † (Eugenio, 2001) She continued tha folk literature is like a treasure house of information about a people’s outlook in life, the basic patterns of their attitudes, and also the feelings towards themselves, their family, their neighbors and towards the Supreme Being. For her, folk literature gives valuable insights into a people’s native ambitions, and aspirations. In other words, the identity of a people is manifested in their folk literature. Proverbs As regards to proverbs, Taylor (1950) as quoted by Eugenio (2001) said that â€Å"a proverb is a terse, didactic statement that is current in tradition, or as an epigram says, the wisdom of many and the wit of one. It ordinarily suggests a cause of action or passes judgment on a situation. For her part, Eugenio (2002) classified Philippine proverbs into six groups according to subject matter. These are: (1) Proverbs expressing a general attitude towards life and the laws that govern life; (2) Ethical proverbs recommending certain virtues and condemning certain vices; (3) Proverbs expressing a system of values; (4) Proverbs expressing general truths and observations about life and human nature; (5) Humorous Proverbs; and (6) Miscellaneous Proverbs. Moreover, she defined proverbs as short, generally known sentences of the folk which contain wisdom, truth, morals, and are traditionally viewed in a metaphorical, fixed and memorizable form and which are handed down from generation to generation (Eugenio, 2002), Filipino Proverbs In a related development, Lopez (2006), opined that regional studies on Philippine proverbs have been extensive because the genre is a favorite subject matter by both Filipinos and foreigners. Ironically, no one has provided a clear, working, definition of this genre. According to her the Filipinos concentrate on the hows and whys and the function of proverbs but not on what a proverb is. She also stated that, Jorge Bacobo who wrote the â€Å"Ethics in the Philippine Proverb† discussed the didactic role of the proverb in the Philippine society. Others studied the Philippine national traits reflected in proverbs such as Jose Batungbakal’s Selected Tagalog Proverbs and Maxims (1948), Solfronio Calderon’s Ang mga Kawikaan sa Larangan ng Pamumuhay (1947), Paul Rodriguez Versosa’s The Psychology of Tagalog Proverbs (1950) etc. This shows that many people are interested in proverbs. Recommendation For Recycling Water In Florida EssayHe continued that because of the increasing awareness of the Filipino identity and the clamor for social change, there is a need to identify and reaffirm those values derived from national tradition to help bring about a better Philippine society. Related Studies on Values Meanwhile, according to Sultan (2002) in her study, â€Å"The Filipino Values in Gregorio Brillantes’ Five Selected Stories,† values are the goals of man’s shining, that values render meaning to one’s existence and complete fulfillment to a man’s personality as an individual and as a member of the community. Ditucalan’s â€Å"A Study of Maranao Customs and Traditions as Reflected in the Folk Epic Radia Indarapatra† (2000) ventured into an analysis of Maranao values such as strong family ties, maratabat, strong sense of morality of Maranao women, service, love of place, filial piety and purity. He confirmed how traditional folk epic could intensify the Filipino’s sense of nationalism and how can this folk material be used in the teaching of values in the classroom for the benefit of children and youth. In his study, he concluded that the structure and social organization of the contemporary Maranao society is based on the social system established by the culture heroes in the folk narrative Radi a Indarapatra. Another related study is that of Munang’s â€Å"Attitudes and Values as Reflected in the Maranao Courtship Proverbs and Folktales† (2003). Her undergraduate thesis focused primarily on the attitudes and values found in the Maranao courtship proverbs and folktales. From the study, she found out the practice and the importance of maratabat ; the concern for family prestige of Kapanokatokawa or searching; collective responsibility and family or kinship ties, hospitality and friendliness, the importance of personal abilities such as straightforwardness, sincerity, modesty and humility, flexibility, value of a stable family, the acceptance of proposal and acceptance of proposal and acceptance of obligation; display of revenge and/ or act of rido, enmity, rivalry and competition, spiritual faith, the importance of marriage, reward and punishment, brotherhood, and alliance. The researcher ended her study with the conclusion that the Maranao courtship proverbs and folktales contribute much in the understanding of Maranao society and cultural traits and they help in the preservation of Maranao cultural heritage. Lastly, Ladjabangsa and Velez’s â€Å"Tausug Values as Reflected in Selected Tausug Proverbs† (2003) focused on the Tausug values found in Tausug proverbs. The Tausug values manifested in the proverbs are: hard work/industry, belief/ faith in God, friendship, kinship, honor/dignity, humility, and prudence. The study also used a survey to validate if these values are still observed by the Tausug at the present. The result showed that the respondents still practiced these values. This also clarified the common misconceptions about the Tausug people. Source: http://www. docstoc. com/docs/DownloadDoc. aspx? doc_id=51354797

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