The Way We Really Are Essay -- Essays Papers

The Way We Really Are The author of this article portrays how the standard of the â€Å"traditional family† has changed over the past century. The article emphasizes on how marriages are becoming extinct and families are breaking away from the old fashioned way of raising children. For example, having both a father and a mother in the home full-time use to be the definition of â€Å" the traditional family†. The author seems to believe that the majority of society today is becoming accustomed to single parent homes and women being the major breadwinners in the home, thus making this the new â€Å"traditional family† lifestyle. As I was reading the statistics in this article I was very critical in believing the data that was given by the author. There were statistics given about the increase in unwed motherhood, divorce rates falling and rising, how much divorce has increased since the 1950’s and how many people are staying unwed in the later 1900’s. The author gave no indication of where or how she gathered her statistics. I do believe that the divorce rate in America is at an all time high for the start of the new millennium. I believe that Americans are forced to re-evaluate their opinion on what the traditional family is made up of. Children are forced to live with one parent, not having the traditional dream of both a mother and a Father, which is the image of what a real family is portrayed to be in the generation I was brought up with. The traditional ...

The Indigo Spell Chapter Thirteen

WADE TOLD ME EVERYTHING he knew. It was all useful, but I didn't know if it would be enough. First, I had to get to St. Louis . . . and that was going to be tricky. I braced myself for the phone calls I'd have to make, hoping I had enough Alchemist wiles to pull them off. Before I took on that task, I just wanted the normality and comfort of my own room. Eddie and I drove back to Amberwood, analyzing every detail of our meeting. He was chomping at the bit to make progress, and I promised I'd keep him in the loop. I had just reached my door when my phone rang. It was Ms. Terwilliger. I swear, sometimes I thought she had a sensor outside my room so that she'd know the instant I returned. â€Å"Miss Melbourne,† she said. â€Å"We need to meet.† My heart stopped. â€Å"There hasn't been another victim, has there? You said we have time.† â€Å"We do,† she replied. â€Å"Which is why we need to meet sooner rather than later. Reading up on spells is one thing, but you require some hands-on practice. I refuse to let Veronica get to you.† Her words triggered a mix of emotions. Naturally, I had my knee-jerk reaction against practicing magic. It was quickly squashed by the realization that Ms. Terwilliger cared about me and was so concerned about keeping me safe. My own personal desire to not be in a coma was also a strong motivator. â€Å"When do you want to meet, ma'am?† I asked. â€Å"Tomorrow morning.† I realized tomorrow was Saturday. Already? Where had the week gone? I was driving Adrian to pick up his car in the morning, which hopefully wouldn't take a long time. â€Å"Could we meet at noon? I've got an errand to run.† â€Å"I suppose so,† said Ms. Terwilliger, with some reluctance. â€Å"Meet me at my place, and then we'll go out to Lone Rock Park.† I was about to lie back on my bed and froze. â€Å"Why do we have to go out to the middle of the desert?† Lone Rock Park was remote and rarely saw many tourists. I hadn't forgotten how terrifying it was the last time she'd brought me out into the wilderness. At least this time we'd be in daylight. â€Å"Well, we can hardly practice on school grounds,† she pointed out â€Å"True. . . .† â€Å"Bring your book, and the components you've been working on.† We disconnected, and I jotted out a quick text to Adrian: Need to be fast tomorrow. Meeting Ms. T at 12. His response wasn't entirely unexpected: Why? Adrian naturally needed to know everything that was going on in my life. I texted back that Ms. Terwilliger wanted to work on magical protection. This time, he did surprise me: Can I watch? Wanna know how she's protecting you. Wow, Adrian actually asked? He had a history of simply inviting himself along on outings. I hesitated, still confused after our heated moment at the sorority. He'd never mentioned it again, though, and his concern now touched me. I texted back that he could come along and was rewarded with a smiley face. I didn't entirely know what to wear to â€Å"magical training,† so I opted for comfortable layers the next morning. Adrian gave me a once-over when he got into Latte. â€Å"Casual mode, huh? Haven't seen that since the Wolfe days.† â€Å"I don't know what she has in mind,† I explained, doing a U-turn on his street. â€Å"Figured this was best.† â€Å"You could have worn your AYE shirt.† â€Å"Wouldn't want to get it dirty,† I said, grinning. That was partially true. I still thought the fiery heart he'd painted was exquisite. But each time I looked at the shirt, too many memories seized me. What had I been thinking? That was a question I'd asked myself a hundred times, and every answer I came up with sounded fake. My preferred theory was that I'd simply been caught up in how serious Adrian had been about his art, how the emotion and passion had seized hold of him. Girls liked artists just as much as bad boys, right? Even now, something stirred in my chest when I thought about the enraptured look on his face. I loved that he possessed something so powerful in him. But, as I told myself constantly, that was no excuse for climbing all over him and letting him kiss me – on my neck. I'd bought and downloaded the â€Å"bad boy† book online, but it had been completely useless in advising me. I finally decided the best way – if not the healthiest one – was to act like the moment had never happened. That didn't mean I forgot it. In fact, as I sat beside him in the car, I had a difficult time not thinking about how it had felt to be pressed up against him. Or how his fingers had felt entangled in my hair. Or how his lips had – Sydney! Stop. Think of something else. Conjugate Latin verbs. Recite the periodic table. None of those did any good. To Adrian's credit, he continued to withhold any commentary about that night. Finally, I found distraction in telling him about my trip to San Bernardino. Rehashing the conspiracy, rebel groups, and break-ins pretty much killed any passionate feelings I still had. Adrian didn't like the idea of Alchemists working with Warriors or of the tattoo controlling me. But he also didn't like me walking into danger. I tried to downplay the near impossibility of breaking into the St. Louis facility, but he clearly didn't believe me. Ms. Terwilliger texted me twice not to be late to our meeting. I kept an eye on my watch, but the care of a Mustang was not something I took lightly, and I had to take my time at the mechanic's shop to make sure the Mustang was in pristine condition. Adrian had wanted to go with basic tires, but I'd urged him to upgrade, convincing him the extra cost would be worth it. And once I inspected them, I congratulated myself on the choice. Only after I was satisfied the car hadn't been unnecessarily scratched did I finally allow him to pay. We drove both cars back to Vista Azul, and I was pleased to see my timing was perfect. We weren't late, but Ms. Terwilliger was waiting on her porch for us. We designated Adrian as our carpool driver. â€Å"Jeez,† I said when she hurriedly got in the car. â€Å"Do you have somewhere to be after this?† The smile she gave me was strained, and I couldn't help but notice how pale she looked. â€Å"No, but we do have a schedule to follow. I cast a large spell this morning that won't last forever. The countdown is on.† She wouldn't say any more until we reached the park, and that silence unnerved me. It gave me the opportunity to imagine all sorts of frightening outcomes. And although I trusted her, I suddenly felt relieved that Adrian was along as a chaperone. Although it wasn't the busiest place, Lone Rock Park still had the occasional hiker. Ms. Terwilliger – who was actually in hiking boots – set off across the rocky terrain, searching for a suitably remote space to do whatever it was she had in mind. A few stratified rock formations dotted the landscape, but I couldn't really appreciate their beauty. Mostly I was aware that we were out here when the sun was at its fiercest. Even if it was almost winter, we'd still be feeling the heat. I glanced over at Adrian as we walked and found him already looking at me. From his jacket pocket, he produced a bottle of sunscreen. â€Å"I knew you'd ask. I'm nearly as prepared as you are.† â€Å"Nearly,† I said. He'd done it again, anticipating my thoughts. For half a heartbeat, I pretended it was just the two of us out on a pleasant afternoon hike. It seemed like most of the time we spent together was on some urgent mission. How nice would it be to just hang out without the weight of the world on us? Ms. Terwilliger soon brought us back to our grim reality. â€Å"This should do,† she said, surveying the land around her. She had managed to find one of the most desolate areas in the park. I wouldn't have been surprised to see vultures circling overhead. â€Å"Did you bring what I asked for?† â€Å"Yes, ma'am.† I knelt on the ground and rifled through my bag. In it was the spell book, along with some herbal and liquid compounds I'd mixed up at her request. â€Å"Take out the fireball kindling,† she instructed. Adrian's eyes went wide. â€Å"Did you just say ‘fireball'? That's badass.† â€Å"You see fire all the time,† I reminded him. â€Å"From Moroi who can wield it.† â€Å"Yeah, but I've never seen a human do anything like that. I've never seen you do anything like that.† I wished he didn't look so awestruck because it kind of drove home the severity of what we were about to attempt. I would've felt better if he'd treated it like it was no big deal. But this spell? Yeah, it was kind of a big deal. I'd once performed another spell that involved throwing a painstakingly made amulet and reciting words that made it burst into flames. That one had a huge physical component, however. This spell was another of those mental ones and essentially involved summoning fire out of thin air. The kindling Ms. Terwilliger had referred to was a small drawstring bag filled with ashes made from burnt yew bark. She took the bag from me and examined its contents, murmuring in approval. â€Å"Yes, yes. Very nice. Excellent consistency. You burned it for exactly the right amount of time.† She handed the bag back. â€Å"Now, eventually you won't need this. That's what makes this spell so powerful. It can be performed very quickly, with very little preparation. But you have to practice first before you can reach that point.† I nodded along and tried to stay in student mode. So far, what she was saying was similar to what the book had described. If I thought of all this as a classroom exercise, it was much less daunting. Not really scary at all. Ms. Terwilliger tilted her head and looked past me. â€Å"Adrian? You might want to keep your distance. A considerable distance.† Okay. Maybe a little scary. He obeyed and backed up. Ms. Terwilliger apparently had no such fear for herself because she stayed only a few feet away from me. â€Å"Now then,† she said. â€Å"Apply the ashes, and hold out your hand.† I reached into the bag, touching the ashes with my thumb and forefinger. Then I lightly rubbed all my fingers together until my whole palm had a fine gray coating on it. I set the bag down and then held out my hand in front of me, palm up. I knew what came next but waited for her instruction. â€Å"Summon your magic to call the flame back from the ashes. No incantation, just your will.† Magic surged within me. Calling an element from the world reminded me a little of what the Moroi did, which felt strange. My attempt started off as a red glimmer, hovering in the air above my palm. Slowly, it grew and grew until it was about the size of a tennis ball. The high of magic filled me. I held my breath, scarcely able to believe what I had just done. The red flames writhed and swirled, and although I could feel their heat, they didn't burn me. Ms. Terwilliger gave a grunt that seemed to be equal parts amusement and surprise. â€Å"Remarkable. I forget sometimes what a natural you really are. It's only red, but something tells me, it won't take long before you can produce blue ones without the ashes. Calling elements out of the air is easier than trying to transform one substance into another.† I stared at the fireball, entranced, but soon found myself getting tired. The flames flickered, shrank, and then faded away altogether. â€Å"The sooner you get rid of it, the better,† she told me. â€Å"You'll just use up your own energy trying to sustain it. Best to throw it at your adversary and quickly summon another. Try again, and this time, throw it.† I called the fire once more and felt a small bit of satisfaction at seeing it take on more of an orange hue. I'd learned in my very first childhood chemistry lessons that the lighter a flame was, the hotter it burned. Getting to blue anytime soon still seemed like a long shot. And speaking of long shots . . . I threw the fireball. Or, well, I tried. My control of it faltered when I attempted to send it off toward a bare patch of ground. The fireball splintered apart, the flames disappearing into smoke that was carried off by the wind. â€Å"It's hard,† I said, knowing how lame that sounded. â€Å"Trying to hold it and throw it is just like an ordinary physical thing. I have to do that while still controlling the magic.† â€Å"Exactly.† Ms. Terwilliger seemed very pleased. â€Å"And that's where the practice comes in.† Fortunately, it didn't take too many attempts before I figured out how to make it all work together. Adrian cheered me on when I successfully managed to throw my first fireball, resulting in a beautiful shot that perfectly hit the rock I'd been aiming for. I flashed Ms. Terwilliger a triumphant look and waited for the next spell we'd be moving on to. To my surprise, she didn't seem nearly as impressed as I expected her to be. â€Å"Do it again,† she said. â€Å"But I've got it down,† I protested. â€Å"We should try something else. I was reading the other part of the book – â€Å" â€Å"You have no business doing that yet,† she scolded. â€Å"You think this is exhausting? You'd pass out attempting one of the more advanced spells. Now.† She pointed at the hard desert floor. â€Å"Again.† I wanted to tell her that it was impossible for me not to read ahead in a book. It was just how I operated with all my classes. Something told me now was not the best time to bring that up. She made me practice the throw over and over. Once she was convinced I had it down, she had me work on increasing the fire's heat. I finally managed to get up to yellow but could go no farther. Then I had to work on casting the spell without the ashes. Once I reached that milestone, it was back to practicing the throws. She picked various targets for me, and I hit them all effortlessly. â€Å"Just like Skee-Ball,† I muttered. â€Å"Easy and boring.† â€Å"Yes,† Ms. Terwilliger agreed. â€Å"It's easy hitting inanimate objects. But moving targets? Living targets? Not quite so easy. So, let's move on to that, shall we?† The fireball I'd been holding above my hand vanished as shock shattered my control. â€Å"What do you mean?† If she expected me to start aiming at birds or rodents, she was in for a rude awakening. There was no way I was going to incinerate something alive. â€Å"What am I supposed to hit?† Ms. Terwilliger pushed her glasses up her nose and backed up several feet. â€Å"Me.† I waited for the punch line or at least some further explanation, but none came. I glanced behind me at Adrian, hoping perhaps he might shed some light on this, but he looked as astounded as I felt. I turned back to the singed ground where my earlier fireballs had struck. â€Å"Ms. Terwilliger, you can't ask me to hit you.† Her lips twitched into a small half smile. â€Å"I assure you, I can. Go ahead, you can't hurt me.† I had to think a few moments for how to phrase my next response. â€Å"I'm a pretty good shot, ma'am. I can hit you.† This earned an outright laugh. â€Å"Hit, yes. Hurt, no. Go ahead and throw. Our time is running out.† I didn't know how much time had passed exactly, but the sun was definitely lower in the sky. I looked back at Adrian, silently asking for help in dealing with this insanity. His only response was a shrug. â€Å"You're a witness to this,† I told him. â€Å"You heard her tell me to do it.† He nodded. â€Å"You're totally blameless.† I took a deep breath and summoned my next fireball. I was so frazzled that it started off red, and I had to work to heat it up. Then I looked up at Ms. Terwilliger and braced myself for the shot. It was more difficult than I expected – and not just because I was worried about hurting her. Throwing something at the ground required almost no thought. The focus there was on aim and little else. But facing a person, seeing her eyes and the way her chest rose and fell while breathing . . . well, she was right. It was entirely different from hitting an inanimate object. I began to tremble, unsure if I could do it. â€Å"You're wasting time,† she warned. â€Å"You're sapping energy again. Throw.† The command in her voice jolted me to action. I threw. The fireball flew from my hand, straight at her – but it never made contact. I couldn't believe my eyes. About a foot in front of her, it hit some kind of invisible barrier, smashing apart into small flames, which quickly dissipated into smoke. My jaw dropped. â€Å"What is that?† I exclaimed. â€Å"A very, very powerful shielding spell,† she said, clearly enjoying my reaction. She lifted up a pendant that had been hanging under her shirt. It didn't look like anything special, just a piece of unpolished carnelian wrapped in silver wire. â€Å"It took incredible effort to make this . . . and requires more effort still in order to maintain it. The result is an invisible shield – as you can see – that's impervious to most physical and magical attacks.† Adrian was by my side in a flash. â€Å"Hang on. There's a spell that makes you invulnerable to everything, and you only now just thought to mention it? You've been going on this whole time about how Sydney's in danger! Why don't you just teach her this one? Then your sister can't touch her.† Although it didn't seem like Adrian was about to attack her as he had Marcus, he was almost just as upset. His face was flushed, his eyes hard. He had clenched his fists at his side, but I didn't even think he noticed. It was more of that primal instinct. Ms. Terwilliger remained strong in the face of his outrage. â€Å"If it were that simple, then believe me, I would. Unfortunately, there are a number of problems. One is that Sydney, prodigy that she is, is nowhere near strong enough to cast this. I'm hardly strong enough. The other problem is that it has an extremely short time frame, which is why I've been so adamant about a schedule. It only lasts six hours and requires so much effort that you can't just cast it and permanently keep it on you at all times. I'm already worn out and will be even more so once it fades. I won't be able to cast it – or hardly any other magic – for at least another day. That's why I need Sydney to be prepared at all times.† Neither Adrian nor I said anything right away. I'd taken note of her weary state when she got in the car but hadn't thought much more about it. As we'd continued to practice out here, I'd observed her sweating and looking more fatigued, but I'd written it off to the heat. Only now could I fully appreciate the extent of what she had done. â€Å"Why would you go to so much effort?† I asked. â€Å"To keep you alive,† she snapped. â€Å"Now, don't make this a waste. We've only got one more hour before it wears off, and you need to be able to aim at someone without thinking twice. You hesitate too much.† She was right. Even knowing that she was invulnerable, I still had a difficult time attacking her. Violence just wasn't something I embraced. I had to push down all my inner worries and treat it exactly like Skee-Ball. Aim, throw. Aim, throw. Don't think. Soon, I was able to fight past my anxieties and throw without hesitation. She even tried moving around a little, just to give me a better feel for what it'd be like with a real foe, but I didn't find it to be much of a challenge. She was simply too tired and unable to run around or dodge me. I actually started to feel bad for her. She looked like she was about ready to pass out, and I felt guilty sizing up my next shot and – â€Å"Ahh!† Fire arced from Ms. Terwilliger's fingertips just as I released my fireball. My shot went wide, the ball disintegrating before it got anywhere near her. The fire she'd released passed me, about a foot away. With a weary grin, she sank to her knees and exhaled. â€Å"Class dismissed,† she said. â€Å"What was that?† I asked. â€Å"I don't have a magic shield on me!† She didn't display my same concern. â€Å"It was nowhere near you. I made sure of that. It was simply to prove that no matter how ‘boring and easy' this seems, all bets are off when someone is actually attacking you. Now then. Adrian, would you be kind enough to bring me my bag? I have some dried dates in there that I think both Sydney and I would appreciate right about now.† She was right. I'd been so caught up in the lesson that I hadn't noticed how exhausted I had become. She was in worse shape, but the magic had definitely taken its toll on me. I'd never worked with amounts this big for so long, and my body felt weak and drained as the usual blood sugar drop occurred. I began to understand why she kept warning me away from the really difficult stuff. I practically inhaled the dried dates she'd brought for us, and although the sugar helped, I was desperate for more. Adrian gallantly helped us both walk back to the parking lot at the park's entrance, keeping one of us on each arm. â€Å"Too bad we're out in the middle of nowhere,† I grumbled, once we were all in Adrian's car. â€Å"I think you'd be amazed at how much I could eat right now. I'll probably faint before we're back to some civilization and restaurants.† â€Å"Actually,† said Adrian. â€Å"You might be in luck. I think I saw a place not far from here when we were driving in.† I hadn't noticed anything, but I'd been too preoccupied worrying about Ms. Terwilliger's upcoming lesson. Five minutes after we were back on the highway, I saw that Adrian was right about a restaurant. He exited onto a drab little road, pulling into the gravel parking lot of a small but freshly painted white building. I stared at the sign out front in disbelief. â€Å"Pies and Stuff?† â€Å"You wanted sugar,† Adrian reminded me. The Mustang kicked up dust and gravel, and I winced on behalf of the car. â€Å"And at least it's not Pies and Bait or anything like that.† â€Å"Yeah, but the ‘Stuff' part isn't exactly reassuring.† â€Å"I thought it was more the ‘Pie' part that had you upset.† Despite my misgivings, Pies and Stuff was actually a cute and clean little establishment. Polka-dot curtains hung in the windows, and the display case was filled with every pie imaginable as well as â€Å"stuff† like carrot cake and brownies. We were the only people under sixty in the whole place. We ordered our pie and sat down with it in a corner booth. I ordered peach, Adrian had French silk, and Ms. Terwilliger went with pecan. And of course, she and I had the waitress bring us coffee as soon as humanly possible since we'd had to abstain, painfully, for the magic. I took a sip and immediately felt better. Adrian ate his slice at a reasonable rate, like a normal person, but Ms. Terwilliger and I dug in as though we hadn't eaten in a month. Conversation was irrelevant. Only pie mattered. Adrian regarded us both with delight and didn't try to interrupt until we'd practically licked the plates clean. He nodded toward mine. â€Å"Another piece?† â€Å"I'll take more coffee.† I eyed the sparkling plate and couldn't help but notice that inner voice that used to nag me about calories was quiet these days. In fact, it didn't seem to be around anymore at all. I'd been so angry about Adrian's food â€Å"intervention,† but his words had ended up having a bigger impact than I'd expected. Not that it had anything to do with him personally, of course. Lightening up my dieting restrictions was just a reasonable idea. That was it. â€Å"I feel pretty good now.† â€Å"I'll get you another cup,† he told me. When he returned, he even had a mug for Ms. Terwilliger. â€Å"Figured you'd want one too.† She smiled in appreciation. â€Å"Thank you. You're very astute.† As she drank, I couldn't help but notice she still looked tired, despite the fact that we'd just replenished with sugar. She no longer seemed in danger of passing out, but it was obvious she hadn't recovered as quickly as I had. â€Å"Are you sure you're okay?† I asked her. â€Å"Don't worry, I'll be fine.† She sipped more coffee, her face lost in thought. â€Å"It's been years since I performed the shield spell. I forgot how much it takes out of me.† I was again struck by all the trouble she'd gone through for me. Ever since she'd identified me as a potential magic user, I'd done nothing but resist her and even be antagonistic. â€Å"Thanks,† I told her. â€Å"For everything . . . I wish there was a way I could make it up to you.† She set her cup down and stirred in more sugar. â€Å"I'm happy to do it. There's no need to reciprocate. Although . . . once this is all over, I'd like very much if you'd meet my coven. I'm not asking you to join,† she added quickly. â€Å"Just to talk. I think you'd find the Stelle very interesting.† â€Å"Stelle,† I repeated. She'd never called them by name before. â€Å"The stars.† Ms. Terwilliger nodded. â€Å"Yes. Our origins are Italian, though as you've seen already the magic we use comes from a number of cultures.† I was at a loss for words. She'd gone to so much trouble for me . . . surely it wasn't a big deal just to talk to the other witches, right? But if it was such a small thing, then why was I terrified? The answer came to me a few moments later. Talking to others, seeing the larger organization, would kick my involvement with magic up to the next level. It had taken me a long time to come around to the magic I already used. I'd overcome many of my fears, but some part of me treated it as just some sideline activity. Like a hobby. Meeting other witches would change everything. I would have to accept that I was part of something so much bigger than just the occasional dabbling. Meeting a coven seemed official. And I didn't know if I was ready to be considered a witch. â€Å"I'll think about it,† I said at last. I wished I could give her more, but my protective instincts had seized me â€Å"I'll take what I can get,† she said with a small smile. Her phone chimed, and she glanced down. â€Å"Speaking of the Stelle, I need to talk to one of my sisters. I'll meet you at the car.† She finished her coffee and headed outside. Adrian and I followed a few minutes later. I was still troubled about the coven and caught hold of his sleeve to keep him back. I spoke softly. â€Å"Adrian, when did I reach this point? Trying to crack open the Alchemists and practicing magic in the desert?† Last summer, when I'd been with Rose in Russia, I couldn't even tolerate the idea of sleeping in the same room with her. I'd had too many Alchemist mantras running through my mind, warning me of vampire evils. And now, here I was, in league with vampires and questioning the Alchemists. That girl in Russia had nothing in common with the one in Palm Springs. No, I'm still the same person at heart. I had to be . . . because if I wasn't, then who was I? Adrian smiled at me sympathetically. â€Å"I think it's been a culmination of things. Your curious nature. Your need to do the right thing. It's all led you to this point. I know the Alchemists have taught you to think a certain way, but what you're doing now – it's not wrong.† I raked my hand through my hair. â€Å"And yet, despite all of that, I can't bring myself to have one tiny conversation with Ms. Terwilliger's coven.† â€Å"You have boundaries.† He gently smoothed one of my wayward locks. â€Å"Nothing wrong with that.† â€Å"Marcus would say it's the tattoo holding me back.† Adrian dropped his hand. â€Å"Marcus says a lot of things.† â€Å"I don't think Marcus is trying to deceive me. He believes in his cause, and I'm still worried about mind control . . . but honestly, it's hard to believe I'm being held back when I'm out here doing stuff like this.† I gestured outside, to where Ms. Terwilliger was. â€Å"Alchemist dogma says this magic is unnatural and wrong.† Adrian's smile returned. â€Å"If it makes you feel better, you actually looked natural out there – back in the park.† â€Å"Doing . . . what? Throwing fireballs?† I shook my head. â€Å"There's nothing natural about that.† â€Å"You wouldn't think so, but . . . well. You were . . . amazing, throwing that fire like some kind of ancient warrior goddess.† Annoyed, I turned away. â€Å"Stop making fun of me.† He caught my arm and pulled me back toward him. â€Å"I am absolutely serious.† I swallowed, speechless for a moment. All I was aware of was how close we were, that he was holding me to him with only a few inches between us. Almost as close as at the sorority. â€Å"I'm not a warrior or a goddess,† I managed at last. Adrian leaned closer. â€Å"As far as I'm concerned, you're both.† I knew that look in his eyes. I knew because I'd seen it before. I expected him to kiss me, but instead, he ran his finger along the side of my neck. â€Å"There it is, huh? Badge of honor.† It took me a moment to realize he was talking about the hickey It had faded but wasn't entirely gone. I pulled away. â€Å"It is not! It was a mistake. You were out of line doing that to me.† His eyebrows rose. â€Å"Sage, I distinctly remember every part of that night. You didn't seem that unwilling. You were practically on top of me.† â€Å"I don't really remember the details,† I lied. He moved his hand from my neck and rested a fingertip on my lips. â€Å"But I'll stick to just kissing these if it makes you feel better. No mark.† He started to lean toward me, and I jerked away. â€Å"You will not! It's wrong.† â€Å"What, kissing you, or kissing you in Pies and Stuff?† I glanced around, suddenly aware that we were creating a dinner show for the senior citizens, even if they couldn't hear us. I backed up. â€Å"Both,† I said, feeling my cheeks burn. â€Å"If you're going to attempt something inappropriate – something you said you wouldn't do anymore – then you could at least pick a better place.† He laughed softly, and the look in his eyes confused me further. â€Å"Okay† he said. â€Å"The next time I kiss you, I promise it'll be in a more romantic place.† â€Å"I – what? No! You shouldn't try at all!† I began moving toward the door, and he fell in step with me. â€Å"What happened to loving me from a distance? What happened to not, um, bringing up any of this stuff?† For someone who was allegedly just going to watch from afar, he wasn't doing a very good job. And I was doing an even worse job of being indifferent. He moved in front of the door and blocked my way. â€Å"I said I wouldn't – if you don't want me to. But you're kind of giving me mixed signals, Sage.† â€Å"I am not,† I said, amazed that I could even say that with a straight face. Even I didn't believe it. â€Å"You're presumptuous and arrogant and a whole lot of other things if you think I've changed my mind.† â€Å"You see, that's just it.† There he was again, moving into my space. â€Å"I think you like the ‘other things.'† I shook off my daze and pulled away. â€Å"I like humans.† Another Alchemist lesson came to mind. They look like us, but don't be deceived. The Moroi don't display the malice of the Strigoi, but creatures who drink blood and manipulate nature have no place in our world. Work with them only as you must. We are not the same. Keep your distance as much as possible. It's for the good of your soul. Adrian didn't look like he believed this either, but he stepped away and headed outside. I followed a few moments later, thinking I'd played with fire more than once today.

Fauquier Gas Company Case Study - 1561 Words

Running Head: FAUQUIER GAS COMPANY CASE STUDY Fauquier Gas Company Case Study First Last Name Course Name Professors Name Date Case Name: Pacific Healthcare I. Major Facts Fauquier Gas Company is one of the largest supplier of gas in the United States. Bill Murphy is the manager of Supply Management and is responsible for purchasing of materials used in distribution of gas such as pipes, meters, and fittings as well as other various materials. The supply organization falls directly under the vice-president for operations. II. Major Problem Fauquier Gas Company is slated to begin a new project to turn an area once used for agricultural work into a residential and commercial property. This means that new gas lines must†¦show more content†¦IV. Choice and Rationale Given the situation and the timeline, I believe Mr. Muphys best option would be to discuss the specifications with the design engineer and try to use the same dimensions used previously with a trusted mill. The communication within the supply chain seems to be flawed and damage control must be implemented in order to meet deadlines established by the company. V. Implementation Mr. Murphy should discuss the issue of the timeline and the negative impact on design changes with the vice-president and see if the current mill used can meet the June start date. If they are able to get enough produced to at least start project with guaranteeing the rest either prior to start or soon after then Mr. Murphy needs to place the order as soon as possible in or der to give the mills some kind of lead time. It currently takes, on average, 35 minutes to make a 45 section of gas pipe (Net4Gas). That equates to 473 pipes needed to cover 3.5 miles at 35 minutes per pipe. The total project would take 276 hours which equates to 34 days based on a 40 hour work week. If the dimensions are kept the same and the molds for the pipes are all ready set to go by the mills, then production could begin immediately and the timeline to start in 6 weeks could continue as scheduled. Mr. Murphy just needs to get place the order as soon as possible. Appendix 1. There are several key facts in this case study that causesShow MoreRelatedFauquier Gas Company Case Study1547 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: FAUQUIER GAS COMPANY CASE STUDY Fauquier Gas Company Case Study First Last Name Course Name Professors Name Date Case Name: Pacific Healthcare I. Major Facts Fauquier Gas Company is one of the largest supplier of gas in the United States. Bill Murphy is the manager of Supply Management and is responsible for purchasing of materials used in distribution of gas such as pipes, meters, and fittings as well as other various materials. The supply organization falls directly under theRead MoreCase Study 2: Fauquier Gas Company901 Words   |  4 Pages Case Name: Fauquier Gas Company I. Major Facts: In this case study presented by Hood (n.d.), Fauquier Gas Company is up against a timeline to supply a new construction project in the works where agricultural land was being developed into residential and commercial use. Fauquier Gas Company is looking for supplier to help with building of 3  ½ miles of new gas pipe that will go online by beginning of September. The manager of supply management Mr. Murphy is having trouble getting any purchasingRead MoreCase Study 2: Facquier Gas Company Essay873 Words   |  4 Pages Case Study 2: Facquier Gas Company TLMT313: Supply Chain Management XXXX xxxx The case study link is provided below for the Case Study 2 Facquier Gas Company. Read and study the case and complete the questions at the end of the study. Use the case study outline below to assist you with your analysis. Questions should be answered using case study format. Ensure that you adequately explain the problem, describe alternative solutions and justify your recommendation. This exerciseRead MoreFauquier Gas Company2093 Words   |  9 PagesTitle of Paper: Case Study -2 Name: Asbel Muniz Matta Class Name: TLMT 313 University Name: American Military University Instructor Name: Keith Wade I. Mayor Factor 1. Mr. Bill Murphy, manager of supply management for the Fauquier Gas Company in the Carolinas. 2. Fauquier Gas Company, as one of the nation’s 440 gas companies. 3. Served an area where land use was changing from Agricultural,Read MoreFauquier Gas Company Essay1808 Words   |  8 PagesCase Name: Fauquier Gas Company I. Major Facts 1. Fauquier Gas Company is one of 440 gas companies in the United States. 2. Mr. Bill Murphy is the manager of supply management in the Carolina’s. 3. Mr. Murphy is responsible for the purchase of materials used in the gas distribution process such as fittings, pipes and meters. 4. Mr. Murphy is also responsible for the procurement of furniture, stores management, materials forecasting and control, systems and forms. 5. Supply falls under the

Karl Marx s Philosophy And Literature - 950 Words

On May 5th, 1818 Karl Marx was born in the western German city of Trier, in what was then a part of the Kingdom of Prussia. One of nine children born to Heinrich Marx and Henrietta Pressburg, Marx ancestrally descended from a line of Jewish families both maternally and paternally. However, amidst the Christian control that Prussia maintained, Marx’s father, in order to achieve further educational and economical means for his family and himself, converted to Lutheranism. In doing so, Heinrich Marx was legally able to practice law, which he was already qualified to practice, but was prohibited from doing so because of his Jewish identity. At his father’s bidding, Karl Marx was educated at home until the age of twelve at which point he†¦show more content†¦While Marx’s roots came from late german idealist Georg Hegel, Marx sought to depart from the idealism of the past and provide more concrete solutions, theories that could be tested, to what he considered the base of societal conflict, as opposed to abstract ideas. While Marx wrote many works in his lifetime, the latter days of his life he shifted primarily toward political economics. It was his work in political economics that produced what he is most well known for today. In 1948, Marx met Friedrich Engels in Cafà © de la Rà ©gence in Paris. Here, Engels introduced Marx to his own theory that working class uprising would be the cause of the final human revolution. Together Marx and Engels embellished on the theory of working class struggle. A trip to England to visit the Chartist, an emerging socialist movement, gave Marx the opportunity to observe the inner workings of English economics, which helped him to further expand on his already high criticism of capitalism. Accordingly, Marx postulated that in capitalism people are divided between the bourgeoisies, those who controlled the means of production, and the proletariat, those who sought the laborers driven by wage. He surmis ed that the conflict between the proletariat, who wish to have as high of a wage as possible, and the bourgeoisie, who wish to keep wages low for their own benefit, would be the catalystShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx : The Oldest Surviving Boy Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Marx is a sociologist, economist, historian, journalist, revolutionary, and philosopher of German decent. Karl Marx was born in 1818 in Trier, Prussia; he was the oldest surviving boy in a family of nine children. Both of his parents were Jewish, and descended from a long line of rabbis. Marx was also raised in a home that originally was Jewish until his Father, Heinrich Marx, converted to Protestantism. He was home-schooled until 1830 when he enrolled at the Jesuit high school in Trier.. InRead MoreModernism Vs. Modernist Modernism1335 Words   |  6 Pagesensure that I was in the correct place. After spending hours of my morning in back-to-back philosophy courses, medieval and 20th-century, I was convinced t hat I had somehow walked into another philosophy class rather than English. However, as it turns out, I was in the right place. It also turns out that I did know very much about modernism or literary modernism. I soon discovered that modernist literature is greatly rooted in the philosophical movement of modernism that took place in the late nineteenthRead MoreThe Field Of Statistics : Karl Pearson1148 Words   |  5 Pageson the planet. Karl Pearson, the admirable mathematician, is known by multiple people as the father of modern statistics, a eugenist, publisher of books in the mathematic, science and philosophy field. Karl Pearson s contributions to the mathematical and science fields are what made him as famous as he is today. Karl Pearson was born March 27, 1857 in London, his parents Fanny and William Pearson originally named him Carl, but at the age of twenty three he changed his name to Karl, due to an interestRead MoreThe Great Philosophies From The 19th Century1386 Words   |  6 PagesLetts Mr. Mykytyn HZT 4U1 - 02 17 Friday 2016 One of the greatest philosophies from the 19th century was Karl Marx. The German native born May 5 1818 was known for his works as not only a philosopher but an economist, journalist revolutionary socialist and sociologist. Marx’s different varieties of work influenced his understanding of society and and the economy during his time period. Once Marx got older, he moved to London England where he progressed his ideas and even collaborateRead MoreSociological Reflection1258 Words   |  6 Pagestopics that I learned in this course that was very important to me. Those topics were: crime, deviance, bureaucracy, nature of science, philosophy, religion, common sense, scientific statements, sociological ideas, and core american values. 1.During the beginning of this semester we discussed the key characteristics of science how science was different from philosophy, how is science different from religion, make five scientific statements that are verifiable and falsifiable, make five statementsRead MoreModernism Vs. Modernist Modernism1185 Words   |  5 Pagesensure that I was in the correct place. After spending hours of my morning in back-to-back philosophy courses, medieval and 20th-century, I was convinced that I had somehow walked into another philosophy class rather than English. However, as it turns out, I was in the right place. It also turns out that I did know very much about modernism or literary modernism. I soon discovered that modernist literature is greatly rooted in the philosophical movement of modernism that took place in the late nineteenthRead MoreThe School Of Marxist Criticism1703 Words   |  7 PagesA Strange American Approach In this particular assignment I want to focus in the school of Marxist criticism. And the reason why is because I find it very interesting to learn every concept of its background and the ways it is used in many literature works. Which this specific lens implies that those point of views are not the way to go. In other words it targets that there should not be an upper nor lower class or division of society rather there should only be one with equal opportunities, equalRead MoreJean Paul : The Philosopher Of The Twentieth Century1387 Words   |  6 Pagesplaywright, political activist and biographer. Jean-Paul attended the École Normale Supà ©rieure from 1924-1929 and became the professor of philosophy in 1931 at Le Havre. He is a well known figure in the philosophy of Essentialism and Phenomenology, along with being one of leaders in French Philosophy and Marxism. In the year 1964 Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature but declined the offer as he believed that â⠂¬Å"A writer should not allow himself to be turned into an institution† (†Announcement.†)Read MoreKeynesian Economics : The New Deal2733 Words   |  11 Pages Not until the 1700’s did the science of economics really start taking form. For the first time intellectuals started analyzing the effects of investment, production, consumption and distribution. There have been countless individuals contributing to the science of economics but this paper will focus on three of the most influential: Adam Smith, Karl Marx and John Keynes. Adam Smith, born in 1723 in Kirkcaldy, Scotland was an economist who also studied political philosophy and ethics. SometimesRead MoreDialectical Journal Michael Chang The Communist Manifesto 1422 Words   |  6 Pages Dialectical Journal Michael Chang The Communist Manifesto by. Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels Text Date Response The Manifesto begins with Marx quoting, the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Marx describes these classes as two entities; The bourgeoisie as the rich capitalists, and the proletariats, who were the working class. In societies of past, the oppressor and oppressed are in constant opposition to each other. This fight can be obvious or sublime

Essay on Mass Media - 2735 Words

Mass Media is a major part of the everyday lives of American citizens. Mass media provides the public the means for obtaining information, and knowledge about various aspects of life such as the economy, foreign affairs, weather, entertainment, crimes, and last but not least, politics. †The media are key institutions in our society. They affect our culture, our buying habits, and our politics. They are affected in turn by changes in our beliefs, tastes, interests and behavior†(Biagi, 11). The media covers countless accounts of policies, politicians, debates, and speeches all relating to the presidency. The role of mass media has become a crucial component of the presidency, mass media is a tool for the president to promote his policies,†¦show more content†¦The fourth estate unofficially is called known as the fourth branch because it closely monitors the other branches. Fourth estate is one of the functions of mass media, its purpose described by Stuart Allan in Journalismâ€Å"...as a critical check on the use and abuse of power† (Curran and Seaton, 2003). Many presidents if not all have recognized mass media as the fourth estate, and have either used it to their advantage or have become disadvantaged by it. The fourth estate is responsible for shaping the public opinion of the American people with the information disclosed by mass media outlets. Former President Wilson was adamant on establishing an increase in presidential authority through the public support, which he did through the adaptation of mass media as a tool. â€Å"Building popular support is critical†¦mass media can be potent allies or obstructive, constitutionally protected but unelected enemies† (Morgan, 503). He understood that controlling the relationship between mass media and public opinion was necessary for an effective presidency. President Wilson set the precedent of the president connecting with the people through mass media, â€Å"†¦made it inevitable that any future president would be powerful only in so far as he established communication with the people and spoke effectively for them†(Milkis and Nelson, 246). His goal was to increase the value of public opinion to produce a greatShow MoreRelatedMedia In Mass Media1555 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In more recent years, the mass media has begun to play a huge part in how the general public’s view on the world and how they receive their news. When mass media was first introduced, it shared news alongside the main conveyer – print, but with the growth of social media and the web, news has taken a technological turn. When it comes to sharing any form of news, it has become more common for people to check the internet using their phones. Mass media platforms like radio, television andRead MoreMass Media2588 Words   |  11 PagesGimnazija â€Å"Filip Visnjic† Bijeljina Maturski rad iz engleskog jezika Vocabulary: Mass media Mentor: Kandidat: Prof. Ljiljana Dragic Milos Kuvelja IV1 Bijeljina, maj 2013. Content Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Mass media I†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.4 Mass media II†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 Mass media III†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 Collocations and Phrases†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..17 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreMass Media And Social Media1795 Words   |  8 PagesEvolution of Media in Presidential Campaigns The effects of mass media and social media have changed the way people have experienced presidential campaigns in many ways. With the development of new technologies through the last hundred years many different ways of experiencing the campaigns have taken place. Newspapers, radio, television, internet and social media websites have changed the ways we all have experienced elections. Between 1960 and today, there have been many milestones in mass media and theRead MoreMass Media Communication1719 Words   |  7 PagesDefinition Mass media is a media intended for a large audience. It may take the form of broadcast media, as in the case of television and radio, or print media, like newspapers and magazines. Internet media can also attain mass media status, and many media outlets maintain a web presence to take advantage of the ready availability of Internet in many regions of the world. Some people also refer to it as the â€Å"mainstream media,† referencing the fact that it tends to stick to prominent stories whichRead MoreWhat is Mass Media?917 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Mass Media? Mass media refers to the many ways that information reaches a large group of people. Sociologists study mass media to see its affects on socialization, social movement, and social power (Chegg, â€Å"Definition of Mass Media†). Examples of mass media: Television Radio Movies Newspaper Internet Importance of Mass Media in Society Mass media is important in society because it reflects the lives, roles, and interests of the people. The media creates the culture and these messages promoteRead MoreMass Media Concepts1359 Words   |  6 PagesMASS MEDIA AND SOCIETY (2) The concept of ‘mass’ The ideas of ‘mass society’ date from the 1940s but before that time, since the19th century, there have been different ideas of what ‘mass’ means. One use of the term ‘mass’ was negative to refer to the mass of people or the ‘common people’ – who were seen as uneducated, ignorant, unruly or violent. ‘Mass’ could also be used in a positive sense as in ‘mass movement’ – such as trade unionism, socialism, or working class solidarity againstRead MoreMass Media Milestone1700 Words   |  7 PagesMilestone in the history of mass media The first variation of a newspaper was published in Rome in 59 BC. It was a daily sheet that Julius Caesar ordered to be distributed all over the city. However, the first newspaper was printed in Beijing in 746 (Flanagin, 452). Also, a forty-two-page bible was published two years later after a German poet used a printing press to post a poem. This was a significant period that marked the beginning of mass media production. Mass media refers to a communicationRead MoreThe World of Mass Media1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe world of Mass Media is a complicated place as told by former TV and Radio reporter, Al Meyers. â€Å"You never know what you’re going to be doing, but then there’s the ability to be able to do it and to share that with the people who are listening.† Meyers, who is retired, gave me the pleasure of sitting down and talking to me about the world of Mass Media Communication, then and now. Most of what we hear about in the world today comes to us as it is broadcasted through the television news networkingRead MoreThe Media And Mass Communication Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The term media is often represented within popular culture in varying degrees. To a great extent, there seems to be a tendency to interchange media and mass communication. In this regard, it is imperative and perhaps prudent to define media holistically before proceeding further. For purposes of coherence, the definition of media will be categorized into two spheres; traditional media and new media. According to the Electronic Frontier Foundation (2009), traditional media can be defined asRead More Mass Media Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesMass Media Have you ever had an original thought? Why do we dress the way we do, watch what we watch or even live the way we do. Through our means of entertainment, it is almost a guide in how one should live their life. With the technology we have in our world we are persuaded to believe what is right and what is wrong. Although we create our own world, our thoughts were imposed upon us since the day we are born. â€Å"What if the world is some kind of show. What if we are only talents assembled

Logical Culture Essay Research Paper Do culture free essay sample

Logical Culture Essay, Research Paper Do civilization and single beliefs affect logical thought? If so, how do they act upon the decisions we reach? The first inquiry that must be asked before replying this inquiry is: What precisely is logical believing? Logical thought is the procedure in which one uses concluding systematically to come to a decision. If this definition is purely followed, logical thought can non be affected by any outside influences every bit long as the premises are genuinely valid. For illustration the syllogism: All mammals are warm blooded. Giants are mammals. Giants are warm blooded. is genuinely logical because the major premiss is true. In a more # 8216 ; general universe # 8217 ; nevertheless, we refer to logical thought as merely infering a sensible account or decision from what is already and personally known. What is personally known is frequently unsound because of stereotypes, cultural tabu, and/or biass. Because of this, the premises used in concluding are non ever genuinely valid but are accepted as valid. This is what influences the decisions that are reached ; the premises which have been # 8216 ; jaded # 8217 ; by civilization and single beliefs. There are many facets to civilization and all of them affect what is personally known and the manner one makes determinations. These are chiefly linguistic communication, background ( history ) , race, faith, single beliefs, and even geographics. Individual beliefs are an facet of civilization which are defined as being sentiments and strong beliefs. These are usually based on the other facets of civilization mentioned. For illustration a individual who is a Unitarian would most probably have different beliefs about the functions of adult females in society than person who is Evangelical. In this illustration, the single belief refering adult females was based on the codification developed by the peculiar faith. Although faith is a really strong force in our society today, beliefs are besides cultivated trough household, instruction, equals, and in many instances can be developed depending on the country and clip period that a individual lives in. ( For illustration, my gramps was gr eatly affected by the Great Depression and hence believes strongly in working difficult and salvaging money. ) It is really frequently that these single beliefs and civilization affect a individual # 8217 ; s concluding. In logical thinking, the decision is the statement one is seeking to turn out ; the premises are those statements which provide grounds for the decision. Arguments are traditionally broken into two types ; inductive and deductive. It is merely the deductive statement which provides conclusive grounds since it deduces from the general to the peculiar. For illustration: All mammals nurse their immature. All giants are mammals. Giants nurse their immature. This syllogism is deductive because the premises provide grounds for the truth of its decision. Inductive, on the other manus, argues from the peculiar to the general and the grounds is non sufficient to vouch the decision except by opportunity. For illustration: All mammals nurse their immature. Giants nurse their immature. Giants are mammals. In this illustration the premises do non supply sufficient grounds for the decision because it does non state if other types of animate beings nurse their immature. Once a decision has been reached through deductive concluding it so has to be determined if it is valid or invalid. This is where the civilization and single beliefs can impact the decisions which are reached. Often the statement is non true because the premiss used is an premise, biased, or unsound. For illustration: All Muslims are terrorists. He is Muslim. He is a terrorist. This illustration does follow deductive logical thinking, and is valid, but the major premiss is false. If the # 8216 ; arguer # 8217 ; truly believes that all Muslims are terrorists, they have used logical believing right but have come to a incorrect decision because of their # 8216 ; false cognition # 8217 ; or bias of Muslims. Most likely this occurs because the # 8216 ; arguer # 8217 ; is establishing his/her concluding on personal knowledge/opinions. Culture # 8217 ; s affect on logic normally occurs accidentally and goes unnoticed. Because of the nature of worlds and the different manner our civilizations have developed, these false beliefs which occur are stronger for some civilizations. Culture and single beliefs are capable of impacting the premiss and logical thinking in every # 8216 ; country # 8217 ; of thought. Because all civilizations are different, some are more likely to perpetrate certain false beliefs than others. A individual # 8217 ; s civilization is based on many things as mentioned earlier ; linguistic communication, history, geographics, faith, and race. All of these things play a different portion in civilizations, and affect logical thinking in a assortment of ways and countries. For illustration, I know a adult female who taught math in a small town in Sierra Leone ( Africa ) . She had a really hard clip learning geometry with three dimensional right angles because everyone lived in unit of ammunition houses. It was hard for them to visualize the form because they were non faced with it often. This thought in math would non hold been affected as greatly by another civilization because of the environment and civilization which developed homes with three dimensional right angles. The chief facet of civilization which affects logical thought, I believe, is history. A individual # 8217 ; s or people # 8217 ; s history is responsible for many traditions, sentiments, and facets of a certain civilization. History is frequently the cause of stereotypes, bias, and cultural tabu ; which are all illustrations of things which affect people and take them to get at unsound decisions. For illustration in Hungary it is # 8216 ; incorrect # 8217 ; to tinkle beer mugs before imbibing. This is because of past dealingss with Austria. Austrians would touch mugs and toast to being # 8220 ; companions # 8221 ; before imbibing beer. Because of the former state of affairs of Hungary being occupied by the Russians, they associated tinkling mugs to the Communist government. The existent act of touching spectacless is non incorrect physically but it has become associated with an # 8216 ; unpleasant # 8217 ; period of Hungary # 8217 ; s history and as a consequence has become a cultural tabu. Language is another facet of civilization which is capable of impacting concluding. For illustration, in some states it is possible to presume where a individual is from or their societal position by the idiom or speech pattern they speak with. This could be really unsafe when utilizing these premises in logic. If one assumes that a individual is from a lower societal category because of their speech pattern, this decision could be unsound if the premise turns out to be false. This is how prejudice and stereotypes occur ; when a judgement is made which is non ever true. Bias in today # 8217 ; s society has come to intend: a feeling, favourable or unfavourable, towards a individual or thing, that accompanies an unsupported judgement. A outstanding theory to the beginning of bias is history. Marx particularly believed that bias was at its highest in the 19th century when European imperial enlargement called for account. Because of this, many began mentioning to colonial people as # 8220 ; inferior # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; necessitating protection # 8221 ; , a lower signifier of development # 8221 ; , a load etc. It was this procedure of development that the theory of race and a definite differentiation between civilizations was recognized. Although there are other factors ensuing in stereotypes and bias such as the societal context in which they originated in, history still plays a big portion. ( For illustration, Anti-Negro bias in America is historically based ; holding its roots in bondage and the failure of retracing the South after the Civil War . If this besides has psychological causes, these are still affected by the impact of historical circumstance. ) It is when these stereotypes and/or biass are used in concluding that the decision could be unsound. For illustration it is a stereotype that all white Americans life in the South are racialist. This stereotype could take one to ground that # 8216 ; Joe # 8217 ; is from Texas and hence he is racist against African Americans. Although this follows the deductive signifier of logic, and is valid, the premiss is a stereotype and unsound and hence the decision is besides false. Logic in the strictest sense is non affected by civilization and single beliefs. In the # 8220 ; existent universe # 8221 ; nevertheless, everyone is non the same and everyone is non capable of cognizing everything. Because of this, a individual # 8217 ; s civilization and single beliefs affect concluding. This is because they believe the unsound premises which are used to do a decision. They could believe these things because of deep rooted stereotypes based on bias. Culture and single beliefs affect different countries of logic otherwise depending of the civilization. A individual from Alaska # 8217 ; s logical thinking in fishing will differ from a individual # 8217 ; s life in the Bahamas. Finally, different facets of civilization have a different # 8216 ; degree # 8217 ; of consequence on concluding depending on what influenced the civilization more strongly in development. For illustration, by and large in Europe history played a big portion in developing the bing civili zations ; while in Africa the geographics and spiritual rites are more influential. It is difficult to state if the consequence of civilization and single beliefs on logic is negative or positive. These effects on concluding are a major cause to the misinterpretations in the universe today. On the other manus, the universe would be a bland topographic point without the present diverse civilizations. It is merely when tolerance and credence become a portion of our single beliefs that it might be possible for civilization and beliefs to non negatively affect decisions reached.

Chapter2 Review of Related Literature and Studies Essay Example For Students

Chapter2: Review of Related Literature and Studies Essay Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies This chapter presents the literature and related studies which have direct bearing on this study. It also discusses the values reflected in the proverbs and the proverb as a reflection of Filipino character, its function in the society, its nature and purpose, its stylistic peculiarity and its significance in Filipino culture. Folklore Prof. Damiana Eugenio (2002), a renowned Filipina folklorist, said that there is no universally accepted definition for the word â€Å"folklore†. But she gave a description that folklore is any form of knowledge that is handed down from generation to generation that portrays the way of life of ancestors of the chosen ethnic group can be considered part of folklore. She likewise emphasized that students should seek ways in studying folklore for preservation purposes. She continued that what students usually do are transcribe and interpret what is related to them by storytellers and it ends there. Further, she expressed that students have to explore different aspects in folklore, use new approaches and experiment new ways. Eugenio further emphasized that the study of folklore in the Philippines is diminishing. She attributed this to these following reasons: lack of interest in studying folklore and difficult work that goes along in studying folklore. Folk Literature Eugenio (2001) defined folk literature as the sum total of the traditional learning of the folk which is expressed in their literature, their customs and beliefs, their games and recreations, their music songs and dances, their arts and crafts, and other forms material culture. She added that Filipinos know very little of folk literature by stating: â€Å" even educated Filipinos know little about folk literature. This is not surprising according to her because â€Å"there is an incomplete state of collection and inaccessibility of existing manuscripts about Philippine folk literature. † (Eugenio, 2001) She continued tha folk literature is like a treasure house of information about a people’s outlook in life, the basic patterns of their attitudes, and also the feelings towards themselves, their family, their neighbors and towards the Supreme Being. For her, folk literature gives valuable insights into a people’s native ambitions, and aspirations. In other words, the identity of a people is manifested in their folk literature. Proverbs As regards to proverbs, Taylor (1950) as quoted by Eugenio (2001) said that â€Å"a proverb is a terse, didactic statement that is current in tradition, or as an epigram says, the wisdom of many and the wit of one. It ordinarily suggests a cause of action or passes judgment on a situation. For her part, Eugenio (2002) classified Philippine proverbs into six groups according to subject matter. These are: (1) Proverbs expressing a general attitude towards life and the laws that govern life; (2) Ethical proverbs recommending certain virtues and condemning certain vices; (3) Proverbs expressing a system of values; (4) Proverbs expressing general truths and observations about life and human nature; (5) Humorous Proverbs; and (6) Miscellaneous Proverbs. Moreover, she defined proverbs as short, generally known sentences of the folk which contain wisdom, truth, morals, and are traditionally viewed in a metaphorical, fixed and memorizable form and which are handed down from generation to generation (Eugenio, 2002), Filipino Proverbs In a related development, Lopez (2006), opined that regional studies on Philippine proverbs have been extensive because the genre is a favorite subject matter by both Filipinos and foreigners. Ironically, no one has provided a clear, working, definition of this genre. According to her the Filipinos concentrate on the hows and whys and the function of proverbs but not on what a proverb is. She also stated that, Jorge Bacobo who wrote the â€Å"Ethics in the Philippine Proverb† discussed the didactic role of the proverb in the Philippine society. Others studied the Philippine national traits reflected in proverbs such as Jose Batungbakal’s Selected Tagalog Proverbs and Maxims (1948), Solfronio Calderon’s Ang mga Kawikaan sa Larangan ng Pamumuhay (1947), Paul Rodriguez Versosa’s The Psychology of Tagalog Proverbs (1950) etc. This shows that many people are interested in proverbs. Recommendation For Recycling Water In Florida EssayHe continued that because of the increasing awareness of the Filipino identity and the clamor for social change, there is a need to identify and reaffirm those values derived from national tradition to help bring about a better Philippine society. Related Studies on Values Meanwhile, according to Sultan (2002) in her study, â€Å"The Filipino Values in Gregorio Brillantes’ Five Selected Stories,† values are the goals of man’s shining, that values render meaning to one’s existence and complete fulfillment to a man’s personality as an individual and as a member of the community. Ditucalan’s â€Å"A Study of Maranao Customs and Traditions as Reflected in the Folk Epic Radia Indarapatra† (2000) ventured into an analysis of Maranao values such as strong family ties, maratabat, strong sense of morality of Maranao women, service, love of place, filial piety and purity. He confirmed how traditional folk epic could intensify the Filipino’s sense of nationalism and how can this folk material be used in the teaching of values in the classroom for the benefit of children and youth. In his study, he concluded that the structure and social organization of the contemporary Maranao society is based on the social system established by the culture heroes in the folk narrative Radi a Indarapatra. Another related study is that of Munang’s â€Å"Attitudes and Values as Reflected in the Maranao Courtship Proverbs and Folktales† (2003). Her undergraduate thesis focused primarily on the attitudes and values found in the Maranao courtship proverbs and folktales. From the study, she found out the practice and the importance of maratabat ; the concern for family prestige of Kapanokatokawa or searching; collective responsibility and family or kinship ties, hospitality and friendliness, the importance of personal abilities such as straightforwardness, sincerity, modesty and humility, flexibility, value of a stable family, the acceptance of proposal and acceptance of proposal and acceptance of obligation; display of revenge and/ or act of rido, enmity, rivalry and competition, spiritual faith, the importance of marriage, reward and punishment, brotherhood, and alliance. The researcher ended her study with the conclusion that the Maranao courtship proverbs and folktales contribute much in the understanding of Maranao society and cultural traits and they help in the preservation of Maranao cultural heritage. Lastly, Ladjabangsa and Velez’s â€Å"Tausug Values as Reflected in Selected Tausug Proverbs† (2003) focused on the Tausug values found in Tausug proverbs. The Tausug values manifested in the proverbs are: hard work/industry, belief/ faith in God, friendship, kinship, honor/dignity, humility, and prudence. The study also used a survey to validate if these values are still observed by the Tausug at the present. The result showed that the respondents still practiced these values. This also clarified the common misconceptions about the Tausug people. Source: http://www. docstoc. com/docs/DownloadDoc. aspx? doc_id=51354797